Biochemical parameters and their effect on lipopolysaccharides in the small intestine of male albino rats
lipopolysaccharides and small intestine of male albino rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63939/qs28bt83Keywords:
Lipopolysaccharides, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione peroxidase, Rat model, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimuriumAbstract
Background: Stimulation of immune cells through bacterial infection and endotoxin (LPS) leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activates antioxidants, namely Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), in order to reduce the harmful effects of free radicals and maintain cellular homeostasis. Meanwhile, excessive ROS production leads to a raise in lipid peroxidation, with Malondialdehyde (MDA) being one of its most important products and a direct biomarker of oxidative damage in cell membranes. Aim: this study aimed to compare the effects of selected Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and purified lipopolysaccharide on serum oxidative stress biomarkers (T-SOD, GPX, and MDA) in male albino rats. Methodology: (12 rats/group). Animals were given a single administration of distilled water (control), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and LPS at a dose of 2.5 or 5 µg/kg. A blood sample was obtained on day 2, 4 and 6 after treatment. T-SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA determinations were performed using specific commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analysis based on one way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test was performed and significance level taken at P < 0.05 Results: stress biomarkers. In the Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and high-dose LPS groups, significant alterations of T-SOD activity were observed but compared with the lowest value in the Klebsiella pneumoniae group at this time. GSH-Px activity showed significant differences
mostly in Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae groups while LPS administration resulted a relatively consistent enzyme activity. In this manner, this observation demonstrates an increase in the MDA concentrations after exposure to bacteria and endotoxin, (most accentuate for strains of Streptococcus pyogenes as well), thereby enhancing lipid peroxidation and possibly oxidative damage. In general, Gram-negative bacteria and LPS triggered greater oxidative stress responses than controls but the relative magnitude and timing of the response differed among treatments. Conclusions: Exposure to bacterial infection and lipopolysaccharide led to significant oxidative stress in terms of T-SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA concentrations. The initial increase in antioxidant enzymes by presumably compensating against increased ROS generation, along with continuous elevation of MDA mediate aggravation of lipid peroxidation and progressive oxidative tissue damage. The present findings indicate that oxidative stress biomarkers are reliable parameters for the monitoring of inflammation induced by bacteria and endotoxin in experimental animals.
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